P1: Media & Rep

05/10/17

This is the cover of Time magazine, a media product that is very recognisable in New York city, the masthead 'Time' is set behind the celebrity Kanye West which suggests that the magazine is so well known that they don't need to advertise the name of the magazine but that people will be interested in the amazing content of it. You can see that the magazine cover topics such as 'The World's Most Influential People' which suggests that it is aimed at people who are are not just interested the latest celebrity gossip but more interesting knowledgeable news. This image detonates a black man looking directly at the camera. This has connotations of direct addressing making the audience wanting to buy the magazine. The colour red used has conations of strength, power and determination this could suggest that the audience of the magazine is of a more mature audience.

Denotation - Elements that are unarguable; the factual elements
Connotation - Elements that are arguable; elements that are personal to the viewer

This is clearly an album cover as you can tell from the standard album cover shape. This image also connotes bad language form the 'Parental Advisory' label is has been give. This suggests that the artist may have a rapper/hiphop genre of music as they know to use inappropriate language in their songs. The actual content of the image detonates a black man sitting down. This then connotes that it is predominately aimed at a black male audience. The image has been edited in a way that it looks dirty and crumpled giving it a very edgy look, this adds more to the connotation of it being a hiphop/rapper album. The typeface used is sans serif, this often has connotations of being modern which would then reflect the suggested genre of music. The predominant colours used are mainly black and white or dark tones. This reflects the 'Parental Advisory' as the dark colour connotes dark themes. 

The target audience for this album cover is are from the ages of 18-50 which is a huge range for hip hop and contemporary rap. His audience range is mainly men I think this is because of Blumer and Katz theory of uses and gratification the males will aspire to be him so they will purchase and listen to his album to live his life through his music. Judging the lifestyle off of the view of the album cover Kendrick Lamar looks very street like he would have a low income and be stereotypically quite rough looking from the crumpled paper look and the dirty look that the cover has. However this may not reflect the audience or kendrick Lamar himself but the genre of music. 

From my previous knowledge the shape of the image connotes an album cover which is the same as Kendrick's cover. Although these two overs are very similar in the ways of colour and the style of typeface being used but yet they still portray a very different look and connote different genres of music. Adele uses black and white colours like kendrick's darker tones but hers gives of more cleaner sophisticated appliance this then reflects her genre of music as soul. The image as a whole denotes a young woman look slightly above the camera. It also denotes the words 'Adel 25'. This has further connotations that this the woman's name and 25 is the name of the album. Although the typeface is sans serif like Kendrick's album they both give off different impressions. The typeface of Adele's is very think lettering again making it look more clean which is the opposite to Kendrick's thick dirty looking typeface.

10/10/17

Denotations

• It is a woman
• She is wearing a red stripy top
• There are flowers
• She has pink hair
• There are stars surrounding her hair
• She has her mouth open 
• She has her hand on her hip
• There is text reading 'I'm not dead' 

Connotations 

• The shape of the image would suggest that is it an album cover
• The p!ink would suggest that is her name/band name and that it is quite out there from the exclamation mark
• She is quite punk from the style of her hair, clothing and general look
• The doves could represent peace yet there are dragon type tattoos in the background which has different connotations of punk and danger. Both of these thing contradict each other
• Her facial expression show anger/screaming roaring like a lion, this juxtaposes the pretty clothing and pink hair.

Audience

• Women who are quite out their with style and with their attitude
• The age range would be teenagers of young adults
• The target audience are most likely to be lower/middle class

Observational analysis, educational analysis

We can see a man showing the facial expression of fear, anger and frustration all in one. The way his eyes are intensely staring up, fore head tense and jaw clenched could show the emotions of fear, anger and frustration. 

Hypothesis- The product constructed to market James Bond films are designed to offer a clear appeal to a wide global audience of young males aged 17-35.

I do agree to this hypothesis to somewhat extent. Yes the image if definitely addressing heterosexual males as from the sexulized and objectified women. They appear to be small and less significant to the male who is dressed. The closer the women get to the Male that I assume to be James Bond, the less clothes they are wearing. This implies that the film will contain content of sexual themes that will please the male audience. I don't however agree to that the age range will only be males of the age range of 17-35. This is very specific as men are usually interested in sexualizing women from a younger age range, maybe they would start when going through puberty. The males aren't going to suddenly not be interested in objectifying women when they hit 35 so this age range would be much more broad.

Semiotics 

17/10/17

The denotations of this image are

• A man and a woman 
• There is a skull in the background
• The text reads 'Spectre 007'
• They are both dressed very smartly (suit and dress)

The connotations of this image are

• The woman is positioned behind the man. She is turning away, this could connote that she has a secret or that the man is in control and may have possession over her.
• The skull in the background could suggest that the film in very mysterious and may have hidden meanings or a secret since the persons face is hidden in the mask.
• The text reading 'Spectre 007' would highly suggest that it is a spy movie since the James Bond films are very successful and well known.
• The fact that they are both dressed very smartly could suggest that they are wealthy and high up.  

THEORY: Ferdinand Saussure: Saussure first put forward the idea that signs are composed of two different element, the signifier and the signified.
The signifier is the physical form, the thing that can be considered.
The signified is what the culture has decided on what is means.

THEORY:  Roland Bathes: He was a french theorist. His theory focusses on how signs and images represent different cultures and ideologies in different ways. These are established through connotation and denotation. He argued that some connotations are so widely held that they reach a level of myth.

THEORY: Charles Pierce: Focused on developing the idea that here were different levels of meaning that could be attached to signs and that these are operated in different way to different audiences.
Icon- a sign that physically resembles what is stands for. (A literal sing)
Index- a sign which implies some other object or event
Symbol- a sign with a conventional relation to the signified. (A learned sign).

Signifier: a young woman staring directly into the camera while pursing and resting her finger on her lip. 

Signified: lust, sex, sexual desire, seduction, temptation, flirtatious 

Icon: bottle of perfume. Connotations the bottle of perfume is the same colouring as the woman's skin and clothing, this suggests that the perfume and the woman have the same qualities. Women will want to be this woman and she is seen in society as being desirable. Men often buy women perfume for their girlfriends, wives and partners. They my find this woman attractive and therefore want their woman to possess the same qualities. 

Signifier: A baby smiling being fed some baby food. 

Signified: We can see this baby is enjoying its food from its grin. This connotes that the baby food being adversed is very tasty making the audience also want to purchase this to make their baby as cute and as happy as this one. 

19/10/17

L/O: to apply semiotic theories when creating media products.

I have chosen to use a sans serif font for the logo as is is much less informal for the younger audience for the TV channel aimed at children. The the typeface is very curvy like circles, circles can represent free movement which the children have, as well as protecting and safety which is what children also need. The colour yellow was chosen since is symbolises joy, happiness, fun, sunshine and has other happiness connotations which children will love. I chose this the name Bango because kinds songs are often have Bangos is are associated with happiness and fun. 

07/11/17

L/O: To apply semiotic theories when analysing media texts.

This is an advertisement for the Adidas superstar shoes. I know this from my previous knowledge what this advertisement is for but if I did not I would guess that something called 'superstar' is being advertised. I see a woman of mixed race who is quite slim as you can see from her defined collar bones. She is wearing little makeup and her hair appears to be wet or slicked back. This could connote that she is quite athletic and has been partaking in sport, her hair could be wet from sweat or from the rain. This could lead the audience to think that superstar is a brand associated with sport. 

Further context shows that this woman is a celebrity named Rita Ora and that the brand has used a celebrity endorsement. This could connote that the brand is successful and famous to afford Rita to be the face of this advertisement campaign. The name of the product is superstar. Rita Ora is a superstar which links the two. She is a singer and musician and Adidas is a sports brand. This could connote that the brand Adidas is trying to attract a different audience that aren't just sport lovers. 

the advert is aimed at  the lord of the rings audience.  The conventional idea here is that they use the colour emerald to connote nature and purity, the target audience for this brand is around 18-40 and is targeted at males, think this because on the advert it says "the lord of the drinks" which is a reference to lord of the rings i think that the majority of people who watch this are males and are around the ages of 11-40.

The lord of the drinks could also mean that they think there brand of drink is better then any other brand of drink, this could persuade the target audience to buy the drink.  

09/11/17 

L/O: To explore the concept of conventions and subdivision.

From this advert I can see green bottles all standing around. These bottles are made to represent people at a bachelor party which I know from the text reading 'bachelor party'. The text is in sans serif and also in a lighter colour green to the rest of the bottles. Using a sans serif font could connote the feeling of laid back and relaxed and informal, this reflects the mood of the bachelor party. 
The colour green dominates the advert with other darker shades. Green is very commonly used in beer adverts so follows the common codes and conventions. Green has connotations of life, energy and nature which is what beer is made out of. 
The condensation on the naked bottle connotes the feeling of being fresh, cold, clean and appetising. As the bottle in the middle has no label and the other bottles appear to be standing around looking at it we can assume that it is a stripper. The males will all find the stripper very appealing which may play with there subconscious and make them want to purchase the beer. 
I think this advert could be seen as controversial as there is no indication to weather the stripper is male or female. This would make the man getting married or all of the men gay.

• audiences who are 'tired' of the repetitive nature of media products.
• audiences who feel a sense of being different, wanting to identify with those products that appear to challenge establishing conventions. 
• audiences who seek out alternative ideas and like to be 'first' 

Subvert- undermine the power and authority of (an established system or institution).

Cadbury's Advert 2007

This advert tells us little about the Cadburys advert. The colour purple could suggest that it is for Cadburys as that is the most recognisable aspect of the brand without the given name. At the start of the advert however we are given the text 'a glass and a half production' with the Cadburys logo. This reinforces the slogan and logo into people heads to make them remember Cadburys. It also gives us a clue of what is being advertised as this is used in previous Cadburys adverts.  The gorilla and drums doesn't give us any indication that the advert is advertising Cadburys chocolate until the very end when the logo is shown with a image of the bar of chocolate.
The intentions of this advert was to be memorable, funny and to make you want to buy a bar of Cadburys chocolate. When the advert starts we first hear the famous and rememberable song 'In the air tonight' by Phil Collins with the text 'a glass and a half full productions'. The close up of the gorilla is very confusing to the audience and makes them question many things. By the end of the advert we see it in full the gorilla playing the drums, the audience are left humoured by the advert and wanting to buy a bar of chocolate.
The advert is predominantly aimed at adults as the song and the drum solo is very well know for the older generation. However this could be argued against as the humour and cuteness of the gorilla can be enjoyed by any audience.

Benneton aids advert

This advert was used to advertise Benneton as it is so controversial. The message is simply conveying that it is sad that aids can kill so many people are destroy families. We can assume that this is two parents and sister and their son is dead. This is so shocking to the audience because the young man looks so ill and inhuman. People could find the advert sad if they have experienced something like this, however I think people dislike seeing this advert so much because they don't want to be faced with reality and rather ignore it if it's directly happening to them.

14/11/17 Exam Set Texts

L/O: To explore set advertising texts and research brands.

Section B or paper 1- Language and representation- Social and cultural contexts.

• Location
• Costumes 
• Props
• Makeup
• Lighting
• Choice of camera shot
• Camera angle
• Typography
• Layout codes and conventions
• Address of written context to the audience (all UK audience)

Advert 1

Old spice Smell like a man campaign poster from 2010.

It was a transformative mass market campaign for the aftershave brand.

Prior to the 2010 the old spice brans was associated with a more mature audience.

Part of a campaign that sought to reposition the brand and make it more accessible to younger audiences. 

Context

Overview of Brand/ Organisation

Originally launched as Early American Old spice by William Lightfoot Schultz's soap and toiletries company, Shulton Inc in 1937.

First targeted women. Over time mens products became more successful. Now sells male grooming products including antiperspirant/deodorant sticks and body wash.

Marketed with a nautical theme (of or concerning navigation, sailors, or the sea; maritime. Sailing ships in particular were used in the brands packaging. 

In early 2008, the original Old spice scent was repackaged as "Classical Scent".]

As an organisation they have a sufficient advertising budget. They also focus on customer engagement.

Previous advertising campaign

An advertising campaign in 2010 became popular after the first advertisement, titled "The Man Your Man Could Smell Like" went viral featuring Isaiah Mustafa. Following this campaign, Old spice introduced an online advertising campaign.

After this old Spice released "The Response Campaign". Over two days, the brand filmed one hundred and eighty-six videos featuring Isaiah Mustafa engaging in conversation with fans and celebrities. The campaign earned over 40 million views in the first week. 

Old spice has partnered with the NFL and featured football stars in various TV na digital campaigns.

2013- Old spice launched a series of tv commercials in India titled "Mantastic Man" starring supermodel and actor Milind Soman.

The commercial “Momsong” went viral in 2014 as a part of the brand’s Smellcome to Manhood campaign.

Star Vehicles 

In this advert the star vehicle is Isaiah Mustafa. He is an American actor and former NFL practice squad wide receiver.  Ex-footballer. 

Social Context Old Spice

The campaign was released june 2011

It was an award winning campaign. They had TV commercials as well as commercial ads. 

They released it in the super bowl. 

New line body spray and wash that was inspired by the freshest places on the plant. 

He takes us to a scent vacation.

The advert campaign is very surreal. 

People know who he is as he was in previous adverts as well as being the NLF star. 

The target market is the women, secondary market is women. "they, or their men"in the I'm back launch. 

Semiotic analysis-

blue colour palette- fresh clear, masculine.

Mid shot- upper body focus- musicality

Expression- direct to audience, strong, confident but knowing smile suggest playful humour of the campaign as represented in the videos for 'TMTYMB' and 'fresh places'.

Hair as a volcano- surreal plays on connotations of fire, power, strength

Surreal images attached to the body

Rebranding

modern research shows brands must  connect emotionally with their target audience if they are to stand out.

Context in:1960'S

1970's- highlighting the difference in genders, 

1980's and 90's- extreme sports, really strong overly masculine stereotypes, very American influenced idea of masculinity.

Representations

The dialogue and imagery can be seen to be very ironic. Throughout Old Spice adverts dating back to the 1960's the adverts have been very stereotypically masculine. The previous adverts said that by wearing old spice meant that women would not be able to resist them. The men on the adverts would be extremely muscular and the women would be portrayed as flaunting themselves at the men. The newer adverts are now making this stereotype of a male into a huge joke. The nature of the branding

Advert 2

Lucozade: 'I believe' campaign from 2013.

Part of a four million mass market campaign to educate consumers about how the soft drink brand can help improve people's sports performance, and features footballer Gareth Bale as a key brand ambassador.

Context

Overview of Brand/ Organisation

"Glucozade" was invented by William Walker hunter in 1927. Originally sold in a glass bottle with a yellow cellophane wrap until 1983 when it was rebranded to shift the brand's associations away from illness. 

The slogan "Lucozade aids recovery" was replaced by "Lucozade replaces lost energy". The glass bottle was replaced by a plastic one.

After the rebranding, between 1984 and 1989 UK sales tripled to almost £75 million.

Social context

Values and Ethos

Lucozade aim to inspire, they go the extra mile and evolve. The strive to be the best they can be. 

Multicultural as a combination of European, Japanese and British influences makes it culturally unique. They are proud to be part of the Suntory group- one of the most innovative food and drink companies in the world. 

Previous advertising campaign

Starting out when they replaced illness for energy.

Other adverts have included lots of colour, people playing sports and images of the bottle. The more recent advert lots of famous sports players have featured in the adverts.

Star Vehicles 

Many many athletes have sponsorship deals with Lucozade such as Gareth Bale in this advert. Other famous athletes that have sponsorships with Lucozade such as Anthony Joshua.

Audience theory

Dominant- 

Advert 3 

Shelter: 'Housing Advice' campaign in 2011.

• Extreme close ups of three people
• each poster touches on different issues
• 
  

• red white and black colour scheme
• statistics, facts, 

• use of the red text box to show how you can donate
• colour scheme is something people recognise
• red could like to danger and warning
• all are appeals and all different
• all are emotive

• talk about the use of media language- shot type/ desaturated look/ three different questions on the ads, male and female it can happen to anyone
• don't think they will ask too much about social context, at the time pay day loan sites were big, people wear taking out lots of loans and not being able to pay them back. 

• are emotional response to something is lessened the more we see it. It started when we were younger with violent video games. 
• this applies to charity ads. 
• when the first ads came out it shocked people but it doesn't have the same effect anymore

• thats why shelter have gone for aiming the ads at people who need there help. Which is different to most charity ads. 

• The ads were done for free by an advertising agency, which gives publicity to them
• the audience will be able to relate to the posters 
• launched in four areas identified as hotspots for housing problems, and ran for 2st August for six weeks. 

• shelter has gone for realism in their ads, old spice has gone for identity

• the people need to look like everyday people who you might bump into in the street
• direct address, eye contact

• shelter doesn't use stereotypes they are going for realism

UK- based housing and homeless charity. 

Produced for those at risk of homelessness to point them to shelter's free services and guide them to seek advice on issues around homelessness earlier.

Overview of Brand/ Organisation

Shelter was launched on 1 December 1966. The launch of Shelter hugely benefited from the coincidental screening, in November 1966, of the BBC television play "Cathy come Cathy" ten days before Shelter's launch. The film led to public outcry.

Values

Shelter believes that everybody needs a home in a place they can thrive. Our work won’t stop until there’s a home for everyone.

Audience theory

Dominant- That homeless people are in desperate need. We should help them as they are not mentally stable enough for them to do it for themselves. 

Negotiated- The audience understands that the advert is for homeless people in need but may not understand that they are asking for help.

Oppositional- Completely do not interpret the message or understand that Shelter is a charity for the homeless who are asking for help.

21/11/17 L/O: To analyse set advertising texts using audience theory.

Audience Theory 

Effects Model: Hypodermic Syringe Vs Cultural Effects Model

The hypodermic syringe is a model of communication suggesting that an intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the receiver. A passive audience, no thinking or analysing what the media is saying. An active audience would argue and question. A very dated theory. 
The culture effects model argues that media coverage on particular issues results in most people believing the media's views being correct. For example, media coverage of unemployment and single parent families, give the impression they are scrounging. They say people interpret the media and in different ways, but the producers do still know roughly the many different ways the audience will interpret things. We are not as passive as we used to be in the hypodermic syringe model but we still have certain ideas pushed at us so much that we will believe them to some extent.  

Two step flow of communication theory

First step- Opinion leaders get information from a media source. We are not directly influenced by mass media, but that they rather form their opinions 

Second- Opinion leaders then pass the information, along with their interpretation, to others (friends, family, acquaintances, etc.)

Uses and gratification theory (Blumer &Katz, 1974)

Uses and gratifications theory is an approach to understanding why and how people actively seek out specific media to satisfy specific needs. The theory places more focus on the consumer, or audience, instead of the actual message itself by asking "what people do with media" rather than "what media does to people" (Katz 1959). Four different reasons why people uses the media.

Reception Theory (Stuart Hall, 1980)

Reception theory is when the producer encodes messages and values into their media which are then decoded by the audience. However, different audience members will decode the media in different ways and possibly not in the way the producer originally intended. 

Dominant or preferred- You could decode the message from the producer in exactly the same way that they intended for you to believe. 
Negotiated-  You kind of understand what the producer wants you to perceive but your understanding of it it not full. 
Oppositional- The complete opposite of how the producer intended you to interpret the message.

28/11/17  L/O: TO analyse set advertising texts using audience theory & media language

TARGET AUDIENCE- The primary target audience for this advert in my opinion is most likely to be straight, American lower middle class to upper middle class women in a relationship from the age of 22-40. These women are aspirers, materialistic, driven by others such as their partners. They respond to things others may find superficial such as 'old spice'. Attractive things are important to them and its contents, their core need in life is status, this is why they would want to buy 'old spice'. These women may also be trendies, they are desperate to have the admiration of their peer group. They may buy 'old spice' for their partners so they then admire and accept them. They are self actualises, focused on people and their relationships, individualistic and creative, enthusiastically exploring change and to improve things and people. This target audience would make the ideal buyer for 'old spice.

STAR VEHICLE- Women will quickly make the opinion form this advert that this is a goodIsaiah Amir Mustafa). This man is also directly looking into the camera directing these women telling them that their man can smell just like him. This will therefore play with their subconscious that their man will also look and have his persona.
The star vehicle in this advert is Isaiah Amir Mustafa, an American actor ad former NFL practice squad wide receiver. Using Blumr and Katz, 1970 theory I think the target audience of women are finding this advert useful in their own personal relationships and is therefore benefiting themselves.
Using celebrities will give the impression of the audience that if it's good enough for the famous man it's good enough for me. The advert has used Maslow's theory that the advert will make the audience look abnormal to the celebrity in the advert. In this advert the celebrity is making the audience look inferior. Mustafa has got a very good physique which is not realistic and is not achievable for an everyday person. The product is then giving the audience a solution to the problem, they think that using the same body wash/ aftershave will then make you be and look the same as Mustafa. Women will by this product as they want their partner to look like this man.

CONVENTIONS- In the media most body wash adverts are targeted at women however this on is slightly different and doesn't follow all conventions. Firstly the font of 'old spice' is in a handwritten and serif. In other body wash advertisements block capital serif fonts are more commonly used. I think old spice have chosen do to this as it gives a more natural feel to the company, this would reflect the product and how it is made from natural ingredients and it will naturally make your man smell like a real man.
The producers has cleverly chosen to use a medium shot. Medium shots are used as they allow the viewer to pick up on the character's movements and gestures. Body language is in this advert is important as it is conveying a vital message and emotion.  The medium shot in this advert has been used as it allows the female audience to see this topless man but also gives us him on a horse on a beach which also has  a comedic touch.
BRAND REPRESENTATION- In 2010 Old Spice introduced a campaign seeking a fresh brand image after decades of simply implementing the same message. The result was one of the most successful campaigns in advertising history as an example of how 74 year old brand was able to reinvent and sustain itself via the use of range of promotional media- TV, print, online, social media. The 'Fresh Places' campaign of 2011. It represent the contexts of the era.

In terms of stereotypes this man is fitting them. His muscular physique and good looks is what you would expect from a man. The designer of the advert has done this to make the audience believe that they also need to look like this so will buy the product in order to achieve this look. 

LUCOZADE

TARGET AUDIENCE- The target primary audience for this Lucozade advert is predominately sporting British males specifically footballers of the age of 13-30. This target audience are middle to upper class they are succeeders in their sport and want to be in life. They are self-confident, have a strong mental goal orientation, just like a sports player should be. They have a role of responsibility and like to invest time in themselves. When it comes to brands such as Lucozade they seek reward and prestige, they will want the product to make them the best they can be. They tend to be quite controlling as they want to be in charge. This target audience are innovators they want to make their mark on the world. They take risks, seek new and different things such as new sports drinks, and love to set their own personal targets.


STAR VEHICLE- The star vehicle is Gareth Bale a British football player so the advert has been aimed at also British football players who aspire to be him. At the age of 13 most boys will begin to show a real interest in playing football and the age of 30 as this is when most men will stop as they are bigger commitments such as families and work. Having Gareth Bale as the star vehicle could completely alter people's opinions of Lucozade as they may love or hate him as a footballer but there is always this risk. They have used Bale for the memorability of the advert. Celebrities do grab people's attention and make the audience remember the advert as they are often seen on screen for other media aspects. As Lucozade is targeted at sports players they will be used to seeing Bale on screen playing football so will associate the sport with the brand Lucozade. Bale will help influence the audience to buy the product. They will associate Bale's skills and star quality with the drink, the audience will want to purchase the drink in thinking they will take on some of the same success as the celebrity.


Ideology is a concept developed by Karl Marx to explore how ideas are imposed on society by the controlling power. This adverts has used a medium/close up of Gareth Bale looking directly into the audience. They have used direct address to make Bale appear in power over the audience and appear better than him, this is also reflected from his stern harsh facial expression of concentration. This emotion could connote that he is looking down on the audience as if he is better than them. Using Maslow's theory that advertisements make the audience look abnormal and that they should be anxious that they do not belong. The advert then supplies a solution to the audience, by giving them the opportunity to purchase Lucozade to make them equal to Bale.


This advert includes an interesting heading/catch phrase/slogan. The purpose of this is to inform the audience of the benefits of the sports drink. 'In a different league' has connotations of being better or worse than something, in this case better. The last sports drink was good but this drink is in a different league, this could reflect the performance of the player also of how the audience's performance will now be even better than before. It is the biggest text on the page and is the one of the main selling and focus points of the advertisement.


The brand logo is quite small in the bottom left and on the actual bottle. This gives us further information about the product.
The colour scheme consists of blue and yellow. This follows the same colour scheme on thep product bottle. In brands the colour blue has connotations associated with depth, stability, trust, loyalty and confidence. It also has strong connotations with health as lots of health apps and logos have the same colour of blue. Yellow has connotations of energy and intellect. Both of these colours have been used to reflect the product and how it will make you feel.







TARGET AUDIENCE- The target audience for the Shelter adverts are mainly aimed at families that are in need or scared of loosing their homes. The social class of these people may have used to been quite high but from some sort of problem such as money has left them at the lowest of subsistence. They are strugglers that live in modern day. They are victims of loss of homes. In some cases they may be disorganised with few resources but in other cases their loss's may be from bad luck, for example being made redundant. As results of these things they may become heavy consumers of alcohol and junk food. Visual impact is an important element of their brand choice. They seek escapes form their lives.
As the audience is so wide they could be many different categories of people which is expected as it is a charity and everyone has through different experiences. They could be cowboys want to make money quickly and easily to get themselves to be more stable or utopians, people who want to make their world a better place to live.
 Shelter believes that everyone deserves the right to have a home and not be scared of loosing it. They won't stop till everyone has a home.

STAR VEHICLE- Their is no star vehicle in this advert as it is not really appropriate as not many celebrities would have ever have to deal with loss of home. I believe that Shelter wants to use normal everyday people in their adverts to show that loosing your home is something that could happen to anyone at anytime. Having a celebrity as they focus of the campaign may make the audience have lack of hope as getting to be as high up as a celebrity is a very unrealistic goal.
In terms of conventions three slogans have been used. This is going against the conventions as one normally used. Each slogan has been placed over each person in need. This has been done to show to the audience that every person has their own story and has been impacted by poverty in someway.
The font used is in sans serif. This gives the advert an aspect of seriousness to the advert. It could also connote that the they are shouting their problems like 'but where will we live?' as is shows how desperate they are.

CONVENTIONS/ MEDIA LANGUAGE/ CONNOTATIONS- The close up shots of the normal looking people shows their expression very clearly to the audience. The expression of sadness need and being fed up of life in general, this will be relatable to the target audience. The secondary audience of people donating to the charity will make them feel sympathy and therefore want to donate to the charity.





05/12/17 L/O: to explore the concept of representation and the use of stereotypes in advertising and branding.

I believe that the media reflects our world in most aspects for example nothing is so abnormal that we can clearly notice it. However the media alters things that have a huge impact on our world that you could say changes it, for example changing models bodies has an impact on mental health of the people in the real world.

Representation
1. The thing itself.
2. The opinions of the people doing the representation.
3. The reaction of the individual to the representation.
4. The context of the society in which the representation is taking place.

Stereotypes
Male
-Men should be strong
-Should always take risks
-Men should work
-Should do all the work
-Never show your emotions

Female
-Emotional
-Be domestic
-Be a mother
-Teachers and nurses
-Thin, graceful, beautiful

07/12/12 L/O: To analyse representation within set texts.

Other stereotypes other than gender:

Age
We quickly criticise people for being too old, too young or immature.
Age stereotype list

• Babies and infants
• Cute, noisy, stressful, chubby, bald.
• curious, clumsy, hair, enthusiastic, mischievous.
• Children and teenagers
• Playful, naive, excitable, simple. 
• Stubbon, lazy, hormonal, sloppy, argumentative, spotty, shallow, alcoholic, technophiles.
• Young adults
• Reckless, working low wages, graduated students, independent, intelligent, smokers.
• Middle Aged
• Stern, misunderstanding, depressed, worried, securely employed, parents, organised.
• Elderly (60+)
• Mature, smelly, wise, annoying, caring, rude, sad, lonely.

Race/Ethnicity

Stereotypes of race can be more harmful than gender. There are many negative representation; portrayals which seem deliberately designed to inflame the fear and hatred of other cultures.

Sexuality
When values or attitudes towards sex are being sold to consumers along with the products. "What underlying message is being sold by this ad?"

Nationality and disability
This depends on what product is being advertised.

12/12/17 L/O: To complete the exam question

Explain how representation in advertising are chosen to help sell the product or brand. Refer to two of the adverts you have studied.

Representation is to describe or depict something, to portray something in our minds and place a label or likeness in our mind. To represent also means to symbolise and stand for something. In both the Old Spice advert and Shelter adverts many kinds of representations have been used to attract a specific target audience.
In the Old Spice advert age is being represented though the age of the actor himself. The main target audiences age is 22-40. At this age range the males have a chance of relating themselves to the actor as they have may have the chance to look like him. Buying old spice is connoting that you will look like this muscular man by purchasing and using this product, the designer of this advert has chosen to use a man of this age as younger boys would most likely not aspire to have the body of this man. Women are one of the main target audiences for the Old Spice products. The main reason for this is wanting their partners, boyfriends and husbands to look like the man in the advert how has a good physique. Most of the women are doing this subconsciously. They will see the product and subconciousyly  product as they would also like the men see the man with the good physique  They will then want to their partners to also be like him.
The Shelter advert however is mainly aimed at middle aged people. The charity are not wanted people to aspire to be these people in the advert but to relate to them. Representing people of the middle age is representing loosing your home for whatever reason and becoming homeless is okay and it can happen to anyone. Middle age people are known for being securely employed, having a good home, being parents and being organised, the people in the adverts that are also middle aged don't exactly look like they are in the most stable part of their life that they have ever been in. This is then again relating it back to the real people in need and reassuring them that they can find shelter with Shelter. Representing people of this age is also advertising Shelter in a positive light and selling the brand successfully as it is saying to the target audience don't be embarrassed for being homeless at your age.
In the Old Spice advert race and ethnicity is being represented. The race of this man is that he is a black American so we know that the designers of the advert are representing his ethnicity in some sort of way. Representation of Race and Ethnicity in adverts can be very harmful and can often be used to inflict hate onto other cultures, in this advert however I don't think that any harm is being done to do with race or ethnicity. This advert is for an American product that is aimed at an American audience that uses a American actor to sell the product. That the actor is american it means that the audience will be aware of who is and his celebrity status. His race and ethnicity is being represented in a positive way to sell the product, using Maslow's theory I think that the target audience of American men will relate to the actor want to achieve his persona there for buy the product.
In the Shelter advert the race of the people is unclear. I think this an effective way to sell the brand as it will mean the target audience can be much broader and the advert can be read by more people.
Representation in adverts can be the thing that is being represented itself for example masculinity in the Old Spice advert. The actor in the advert is representing masculinity as a brilliant amazing thing that makes him superior to men that are not masculine; he does this through having a stern look that directly addresses the audience and a very good physique. He is portraying his opinion of the product as if he has been giving his good looks though the body wash that he uses. The reaction to this form the audience is that they need to buy the products also as they have sub consciously agreed with the actors opinion. This agrees with the context of the audiences society which the representation is taking place as they live in America and it is hot.


09/02/18 L/O: to reflect and improve on the exam mock.

Personal targets

• Mention stereotypes
• Ensure target audience is accurate
• Include more theory

Class targets

• Balanced argument.
• Make sure writing style is legible.
• Use high standard English that is exact and accurate.
• Detailed and accurate answers in relation to the answers.
• Literacy: Capital letters for product names and brands. 
• Terminology: Names of element of the adverts etc.
• Theory: Add in Audience theory where relevant.
• Target audience: Old Spice - Product Vs Advert.
• Analysis structure: Different representations. 

Music Videos

L/O: To research terminology required for analysis.

Terminology

Lighting Terms

There are two kinds of lighting, high key lighting and low key lighting.

In high key lighting everything appears white with little or no shadow. It is lacking in dramatic effect so it is often used in scenes where they is little tension or to make a situation or character more up lifting.

Low key lighting is the opposite of high key lighting. There are lots of shadows giving negative connotations.  It has lots of bright and dark areas in the shot.

Music Video Terms

Performance- The video shows the artist/band/group performance throughout the song and sometimes can play throughout the whole video. 

Concept- This is the style of music video that is based around a concept of an idea. They tend to be fairly unique or utilise a particular editing or filming technique. 

Narrative- A narrative based music video contains mostly footage that attempts to tell a story though moving image. Music videos that are narrative usually have a story line that is linked to the lyrical content, although this isn't always the case. These videos also tend to be popular with songs that are featured in films and parts of movies and scenes are usually cut into the music video. 

-illustration

-amplification

-Distructure

Editing

- Transition (how a shot goes from one-to-another)
- Continuity editing (one of the most common forms of editing, continuity devices are used to make the edit appear smooth so as not to distract the viewer from the narrative)
- Axis match (the angle of the camera remains the same from shot to shot)
- Cross cut/Parallel cut (editing that alternates between two or more scenes happening at the same time)
- Direction match (the direction of a person or object is consistent across the cut)
- Dissolve (shot A gradually fades and is replaced with shot B with a momentary superimposition of both shots)
- Duration and pacing (the length and rhythm of shots)
- Long take (shot that continues for a long time - could be a tracking shot that follows characters or could just be a shot that doesn't end for over 40 seconds)
- Eye-line match (a cut where characters appear to look at each other because of the direction of their glances).
- Fade-in (a gradual lightening of the image from black to light)
- Fade-out (gradual darkening of image to black)
- Graphic match (any juxtaposition of graphically similar images)
- Iris-in (image gradually appears from blackness through an expanding circle)
- Iris-out (reverse of above)
- Movement match (action begun in one shot is continued/completed in the next)
- Wipe (one image replaced with another - usually vertically but can take other shapes)
- Straight cut (two shots joined together with no obvious continuity device)
- Jump cut (a break or jump in time created through removing a section of a shot then splicing together what remains of it - appears jerky)
- Sound bridge (sound links images through continuing between shots)
- CGI (computer generated images)
- Slow motion/fast motion (images slowed down or speed up)

Camerawork

Close up- much more dramatic than medium or long shots. They are you'd when you want to emphasise someone’s emotion or expression

Extreme close up- This an extremely detailed shot. These types of shot are generally used to show just one feature on someone’s face that would be missed in a wide angled shot.

Mid shot- The medium shots may be cut from medium shots straight to close up shots to make a more dramatic affect. Medium shots are the most common shots in films showing most of the person’s body. The medium shot is in-between the long shot and close up shot. The medium shot also includes the two-shot, when two actors are facing the same direction and the over the shoulder shot, when two actors stand facing each other e.g. sitting across a table from each another.

Establishing shot- A wider shot that would focus more on the environment than the characters. The establishing shot introduces a new location e.g. a school, someone’s house, and a street. The establishing shot would nearly always be filmed with the same lens and in the same position. The shot would also last a couple of seconds before it cuts to a medium shot and close-ups.

Low angle- low angles are normally placed below the actor’s eyes looking up. This makes the characters look more aggressive or dominant, it could also be used to show something lurking.

High angle- The camera above the actor or subject, looking down. It would be used make the charters look weak, small or frightened often used to show the small size of a child in comparison to the subject looking down on it.

Aerial shot- A shot taken from a drone, helicopter or a person on top of a building. Sometimes introducing the film or new location.

Point of view shot- the camera looking out of the actor’s eyes. The camera may be shaky to show the person walking. The shot after normally follows by a close up.

• Camera Shot Types http://bodmincollegemedia.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/camera-work.html
• Extreme close up
• Close up
• Medium close up
• Medium shot
• Medium long shot
• Long shot
• Establishing shot
• Cut away
• Camera Angles:
• Worms eye
• Low angle
• High angle
• Birds eye
• Camera Movement:
• Zoom in
• Zoom out
• Tilt up
• Dutch tilt
• Tracking shot
• Pan
• Hitchcock zoom

Sound

Diegetic- Sound everyone can hear including the audience and the characters in the shots. Sound whose source is visible on the screen or whose source is implied to be present by the action of the film

• Voices of characters
•  Sounds made by objects in the story
• Music represented as coming from instruments as coming from instruments in the story space (= source music)
• Diegetic sound is any sound presented as originated from the film.
• Diegetic sound can be either on screen or off screen depending on whatever its source is within the frame or outside the frame,
• Another term for normal sound

Non- diegetic- Sound only the audience can hear. Sound whose source is neither visible on the screen nor has been implied to be present in the action:

• narrators commentary
• Sound effects which is added for the dramatic effect
• Mood sound
• non-diegetic sound is represented as coming from the a source outside story space.

Title Music- Theme tunes (connote genre/represent TV drama).

Synchronous Sound- Synchronous sounds are those sounds which are synchronised+ or matched with what is viewed. For example: if the film portrays a character playing the piano.

The score/incidental music

Orchestral music used to connote tone/atmosphere.

Sound Motifs

sounds motifs are used to show a certain character is about to appear to show something good/bad  is about to happen.

Sound effects - Used to connote the atmosphere. 

Voice overs- Used to give the audience an insight into the thoughts of the character creating bond between character and the audience. Can set the scene or progress the audience.

Dialogue - Characters speaking (this progresses the narrative and reveals he characters personality/views to the audience.

Ambient sound- natural background sound (everything you would hear in the scene) used to create realism.

Sound bridge- sounds runs between shots, linking them together and helping the narrative flow linking scenes to ensure tension is maintained.

Sound Terminology http://bodmincollegemedia.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/tv-drama-sound.html 

Diegetic sound (sound you/the characters would hear on screen)

Dialogue

Ambient sounds

Non-diegetic sound (sound only the audience can hear)

Non-diegetic music

Voice over

Cornnie Bailey Rae- Stop where you are

https://chloeboothalevelmedia.blogspot.co.uk/2018/01/cornnie-bailey-rae-stop-where-you-are.html

Radiohead- Burn the witch

https://chloeboothalevelmedia.blogspot.co.uk/2018/01/radiohead-burn-witch.html

30/01/18 L/O: to explore the specific representation of chosen video case studies

Social realism: an international art movement, encompasses the work of painters, printmakers, photographers and filmmakers who draw attention to the everyday conditions of the working class and poor. Showing real life as it is.

Transcendence: existence or experience beyond the normal or physical level.

Intertextuality: the relationship between texts, especially literary ones.

Post modernism: Takes the ideals of love and utopia and show the more harsh realities.

Cinéphillic recreation: a person who is fond of the cinema.

Filmic: relating to films or cinematography.

Value-transference: Transferring one value to another but showing it in a different way.

Narrative based music video

Ed Sheeran- Perfect

Target audience: consists of a mixture of male and majority female youth, within the typical age range of 15-25 although the age range isn't restricted to this age range due to the wide variety of different genres. 

How is the artist represented? (What aspects of their image are being highlighted?): 

Ed Sheeran comes across as a guy who is very laid back and knows how to have a good laugh which is shown in his interviews. He likes to drink and party which makes him appeal to his younger audience. He used to be homeless and has been though very hard times which makes him very relatable as a person and not like some other celebrities who have always had it easy and given to them on a plate, I think this makes him even more relatable. His love songs are what brings in a huge audience of women. Overall he comes across as kind and is extremely  likeable to all as well as being extremely talented.

In the music video Ed Sheeran is being represented as a loving ex 

How are the target audience positioned? 
The target audience can imagine themselves as the girl that Ed Sheeran loves in the music video if they like him in that way. They could also think about their own loved ones and how they remember or are in a similar situation of being in love. The lyrics and video therefore will bring up old memories and feeling that they may have forgotten before watching and listening to the video. You could say that this is the opposite of post modernism is could been seen as an unrealistic view of love as everything is so perfect although it may be like that for some.

What values are being celebrated?
The values being represented are love, relationships and friendships.

Mark Ronson/ Bruno Mars- Uptown Funk

Target audience: Females from the ages of 30-50.

How is the artist represented? (What aspects of their image are being highlighted?): 

How are the target audience positioned? 

What values are being celebrated?

06/02/18 Exam practice question

Explain how representation in music videos are chosen to promote the artist(s). 
Refer to two music videos you have studied to support you answer.

In 'Burn the Witch' and 'Stop Where You Are' representation such as class, ethnicity and age are shown through the visual aspect of the music videos, the lyrics of the videos and the actual artist/ artists themselves. Representation in both of the music videos is used to show a deeper meaning that the artist/ artists has wanted to achieve.

In the music video ‘Stop Where You Are’ the video is representing social representations of street life which shows the culture that the artist has experienced herself. The music video as a whole shows it saying that it is okay if you are born form different backgrounds and you can rise above it.

This representation of street life is show through the class of the people in the music video such as high class of the business people and the lower class of the homeless man. The video has purposely used the audiences well known stereotypes from these two classes to make us think the worst and then show it in more detail to see it wasn’t as bad as we thought it to be. This is shown when the young adult dressed in street clothing was show to be on the edge of a block of flats looking as if he was about to jump off. The low angle would suggest this but if looking from a different perspective we could say that he is being superior and rising above. After we are shown this low angle we are then shown that he is actually having a good time dancing on top of the building. This representation of class has been made positive as we think a person of his class would stereotypically jump of a building but he was better than that.

In the music video Burn the Witch by Radio head the music video is being represented though the use intertextuality of the Wicker Man and Trumpton. The message of the video is to show the darkness in what may seem to be such a tight knit community.

This representation is shown through the ethnicity of the character in the music video. The animation Trumpton trilogy aired on BBC and it was about teaching children about their community values. The music video then took the same animation and style from this and showed the deeper and darker things that go on in the community. We see this though the close ups of the two girls decorating something with flowers, later on we see they are decorating the gallows ready for hanging. In relation to ethnicity this social group that is the tight knit community of the village life is completely twisted and not what it seemed to be.

The representation of age shows a large group of teenage girls looking very stereotypically angry and hormonal. The video shows that yes, the girls are violent towards each other and don’t look happy but when Bailey Rae appears they seem to have some sort of epiphany and realise that they don’t need to fight but enjoy life instead.

In the Burn the Witch music video witch craft and punishment is being represented. This is shown in the lyrics such as "red crosses on wooden doors". Dating back to the 17th century a red cross was painted on the front of a door to signify that a resident had the plague. This aids to the song's overall description of society being superstitious. Another lyric that would suggest the representation of witchcraft is "and if you float you burn". Dunking was often a punishment in the 17th century. If you were suspected of being a witch you would be dunked under water if you were a witch you would survive but if you weren't you would drown. If you survived and were proven to be a witch you would then be burnt at the stake. These lyrical meanings add to what Radio wanted to achieve and represent which was showing the true life of small communities and how bad society can and has been.

Case Study- L/O: To research institutions & ideologies behind case study project

The Big Issue

The big issue is a magazine. It is given to homeless people to sell which they then get some of the profit for selling. 

The target audience for these magazine covers are predominately aimed at young males. This is shown from the images of males on all of the covers. They masculine colours of blue, green, orange and black are also very dominant. All of the typefaces are different so it is hard to identify and pinpoint a exact target audience. 

All of the magazines seem to represent something different such as 'the blitz', 'money for good' and 'British icons'. 

The values and beliefs seem to be very positive and maybe are based around British values. They seem to be quite uplifting that may help those in need.

• Professional designers make the magazine but sold by people who need money. 
• Costs £2.50, costs the people on the streets £1.25
• Sold only on the streets. 
• To make money for people who need money. 
• The big issue is global.
• 200,000,000 copies sold since it began. 
• Big issue shop. 
• Founded in 1991
• Social enterprise business

Actual facts 

• Founded by John Bird and Gordon Riddick in September 1991. 
• Magazine format, weekly newspaper written by professional journalists.
• Sold by homeless, people at risk of being homeless as part of an initiative to help them provide an income with the objective of supporting their reintegration into mainstream society.
• Called a social business.
• Non-for-profit organisation.
• Funding though advertising and cover price sales.
• Since 2012 focuses more of campaigning journalism and broader features.
• 125000 copies a each week in the UK but is published in many other continents.  
• Been in the centre of controversy .
• In many other street newspapers homeless people are employed to write and edit the newspaper ensuring they contain issues close to the interests and needs of homeless and poor. 
• People have criticised The Big Issue for being over commercialised and having a sleek design. 
• The contents is criticised for being too mainstream to make a profit rather than campaigning
• John Bird said that it is "possible to be both profitable and ethically correct"

Ideologies 

Ideology- the extent to which media products such as newspapers contain and communicate particular ways of looking at the world, an assumed set of values and beliefs that news providers assume its audiences to posses and to share.

These may be the general values of society- such as the importance of human life or attitudes towards crime and punishment.  
Specific values that only certain groups in society might share- different political views about society such as capitalism, communism, or ideals such as vegetarianism or anti-nuclear.
National newspapers speak to the wider social values ,but within this may then speak to specific sections of society that share its values about the worlds. One simple level, we might see that daily newspapers tend to align politically as:

Politically left of centre of centre [e.g. Labour]
-The Mirror
-The Guardian
-The Independent
Politically right of centre [e.g Conservative] 
-The Times
-The Sun
-The Telegraph
-The Daily Mail
-The Daily Express

Ideologies of The Big Issue
The Big Issue focuses of pop culture and celebrities quite often. It is however does focus on troubles in the world quite often.
The big issue reader is more likely to be a high income earner, a professional or manager or have university degree or diploma. 

06/03/18 L/O: To identify the primary target audience for audience for the big issue. 

Satire- the use of humour, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticise people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.

Pastiche- an artistic work in a style that imitates that of another work, artist, or period.]

Target Audience 

NRS Social Grade

The Big Issue target audience

Psychographics- Psychographics can be defined as a qualitative methodology used to describe consumers on psychological attributes. Psychographics has been applied to the study of personality, values, opinions, attitudes, interests, and lifestyles.

Demographics- Demographics. Demographic segmentation means identifying markets based on several shared traits, including age, race, gender, marital status, income, education and occupation. Thus, the phrase "a demographic" refers to a market segment with common traits.

72% of Big issue readers are ABC1 (Higher & intermediate managerial, administrative, professional occupations and Supervisory, clerical & junior managerial, administrative, professional occupations). 43% of readers are AB (Higher & intermediate managerial, administrative, professional occupations).

61% of readers are aged between 18 and 39.

A Big Issue reader is more likely to be:
- a high income earner (48%)
- a professional or manager (34%)
- have a university degree or diploma (66%)

Female: 56%
Male: 44%
Working full time: 41%
Still studying: 31%

Age group
Under 24: 20.5%
25 to 44:38.4%
45 to 65: 29.3%
Over 65: 11.9 %

Big issue readers agree that:
It's important that a company acts ethically- 84%
It's worth paying extra for quality good- 82%

Psychographic 

Music concerned: 

• readers spend £3.8M on albums/singles per year
• 71% of readers say music is an important part of their life- 475000
• total volume of nightclub visits per month is 377000- over three times more than Time Out magazine. 

Arts and culture

• Readers visit the theatre a total 1.4M times per year
• Readers make a total 886000 visits to art galleries per year
• Total spend on paper backs £3.3M per year

Banking

• 87% say people should recycle
• 64% say you should pay more for environmentally friendly products

Charitable giving

• Total spend per year £40.8M
• Readers spend £78 each on charity per year

Drinks

• 252,000  of  readers  say  it’s  worth  paying  extra  for  good  quality  beer
• 337,000  of  readers  are  prepared  to  pay  more  for  good  quality  wine
• total  volume  of  wine  bought  for  home  consumption  –  1.2M
• readers  drink  3.1M  fizzy  soft  drinks  in  total  per  year
• total  volume  of  yoghurt  drinks  per  month  2.4M

Films

• Buy  an  average  of  5  DVD’s  per  year  each,  more  than  the  Guardian
• Readers  make  over  half  a  million  cinema  visits  a  month

Reasons to buy the Big Issue

• forced to by vendors
• charity
• entertainment
• charity + entertainment

Reasons not to buy The Big Issue

• do not believe in homelessness
• Limited budget/ free alternative
• buy other magazines
• not interested in content

Customers brand affinity

• Social values: the social benefit brought by the purchase of one magazine. A sense of charity given away for the welfare of the vendor.
• Self-satisfaction: A lot of consumers feel good after buying The Big Issue because they feel it id their duty to help homeless people. In that case people buy the social aspect of the company instead of the content of the magazine.
• No clear loyalty: based on people's opinion, they buy the magazine once in a wile, when they see a vendor selling it. 

Customer end benefit

First:

• social benefit and self-satisfaction (first buying reason)
• A way to reach the "self esteem" on Maslow's Hierarchy of needs
• play a psychological influences on the purchasing behaviour
• related to culture, social class behaviour, beliefs
• re- directed the primary purpose of the magazine

Second:

• The actual content of the magazine (second buying reason)
• Purchasing directly because of the content and information provided
• rational reason to purchase

20/03/18 L/O: To analyse The Big Issue covers effectively. 

The Big Issue in this magazine is promoting the new film Trainspotting 2, 20 years after the release of Trainspotting. The Big Issue would have chosen to support the film since is a British film set in Scotland and celebrates British values. It is also directed by Danny Bole, a very famous and successful English director again supporting British values. The film is set in Scotland this is again supporting the whole of Britain not just the stereotypical 'London life'. The actors on the front of the magazine such as Ewan Mcgreggor are also British. Mcgreggor has a good reputation as is well known for being a nice guy.

High production magazine, wealthy target audience and educated. Having the endorsement would appeal to the target audience. 

The film is iconic and nostalgic to the target audience, 30/40 years would have seen it at the cinema half a million of the target audience visit the cineam a month. 

Had tragic deeper sad meaning behind the light hearted humour. 

Somehow the big issue has played a part in the second film being made.

Top right corner is original art prints available TA will appeal to this they appreciate the art and museums ect .

the image- the facial expression show more humour and comedic ways. 

Mode of address 

Direct address: The model looks directly at the audience , or writing speaks to 'you'.

Indirect mode of address: The model looks away, or the writing refers to 'people' or 'the public'.

Different modes of direct: formal, informal, humorous, serious, hostile, friendly etc. 

This magazine is music related. 71% of the target audience is interested in music and they spend £3.8M on albums and singles per year. They also visit nightclubs 377000 times a month so having George Michael a British music icon on the cover would defiantly appeal to the target audience.
The magazine is a high production, this will appeal to the target audience as they are of a high class have a have a good wealthy disposable income, having this endorsement would appeal to the target audience.
George Michael is an icon to Britain and to the rest of the world. The target audience age group are mainly 25-44. This would appeal to the older part of age range as they would have grown up hearing Wham and George Michaels music so are most likely big fans so he is household icon. Him being British will also appeal to the target audience as they are also British. He was an icon for his extremely successful pop music but also him coming out as being gay. He came out as being gay in 1998 which was quite shocking to lots of fans as many females were very attracted to him. 
The target audience would have continued to love him and would have been very sad about his death on Christmas day 2016. This magazine was released around a year after his death so this magazine could be said to celebrate the one year anniversary of his death.
The colour of the magazine is pink. The pink is very stereotypically relating to the fact he was gay. Him being gay and the colour does open up the target audience to a wider variety of things that people might find interesting or may relate to. 
In the top right corner there is a puff that is for a christmas kids cover competition. This will appeal directly the target audiences who have children and may be regular buyers of the magazine as they might encourage their child to enter in hopes for seeing it in the cover for the Christmas edition. The target audience also have a good interest in art. They make 886000 visits to art galleries per year, so the cover will interest those that also what to push their children in the art direction also.
The target audience are highly educated and love to see quality in everything they do. The article is written by Mark Ronson who is a producer, singer song writer who has lots of skill and is a well respected person. The fact that is is written by him means the the article will also be quality as he is also highly intelligent. Mark Ronson being very knowledgable when talking about music etc is the perfect person to write an article about George Michael. 



choice of image from the 80s
exclusive

29/03/18 L/O: Dirt & exam practice

Media language 

Camera work

Minse-en-scene

Sound

Editing 

Use of humor
the target audience


Old spice ideologies- humour, celebrating traditional masculine stereotype, you could argue the humour takes the edge off of it, post modernism approach to representations

lucozade ideologies- athletic ability, fitness, being the best you can be, elitism